Sadozai as Polictical
Sadozai dynasty
The Sadozai are one of the most important groups in Afghan political history and have produced many of the country's rulers. The Sadozai rose to power with the death of Persian King Nadir Shah in 1747, at which time the Sadozai tribesman Ahmad Shah Abdali (Durrani) became the founder of modern Afghanistan and the founder of the Sadozai dynasty. After Ahmad Shah's death in 1773, the dynasty was continued by his son Timur Shah (ruled 1773-1793), his son Zaman Shah (1793-1800), his brother Mahmud Shah (1800-1803), his brother Shah Shuja-ul-Mulk (1803-1809), and his brother Mahmud Shah (1809-1817).
Post-dynasty
The year 1817 marked the end of the Sadozai dynasty over the whole of Afghanistan, though not the end of regional Sadozai rulers. Mahmud Shah continued to rule from Herat until 1829, followed by the reign of his son Kamran until 1841. Kandahar and Kabul had fallen under the control of independent rulers in 1817, though the Sadozai Shah Shuja-ul-Mulk ruled briefly again in both places from 1839-1841 thanks to the British intervention in the First Anglo-Afghan War. The Muhammadzai Barakzai tribesman Dost Muhammad Khan eventually succeeded in asserting his authority over all three cities in 1863, and his Muhammadzai dynasty lasted until the 1978 assassination of Muhammad Daud, the brother of Afghanistan's last king, Zahir Shah.
The Sadozai hiatus from power during the century-plus Muhammadzai dynasty continued during the period of communist rule, the post-war/post-Najibullah years, and the reign of the Taliban from the mid-1990s till 2001. Though they were traditionally the Khan Khel of the Popalzai, they saw their power further diminish as the leadership of the Popalzai went not to a Sadozai but a Shamizai tribesman by the name of Abdul Ahad Karzai.
Hamid Karzai, one of his sons, became Popalzai leader when Abdul Ahad was assassinated in 1999. When the Taliban leadership was overthrown, the Popalzai were finally able to regain national power via Hamid Karzai, who was named the chairman of an interim transitional administration by the December 2001 Bonn Agreement. He later became the interim president of the transitional administration, and was finally elected president of Afghanistan in 2004, followed by his reelection in 2009.
Category: Sudhnoti
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